Thanks, UserName, that's useful information about Item subtypes. I haven't found a 'Check Equipment' node usable inside formulas apart from one that's selectable as an option under the 'Check Status' node, but that apparently forces me to check for one specific piece of equipment, so I don't believe it's of use. Here's are some pics displaying stages of my formula. Not sure how to post them directly as images on these forums, but the links should work.
The initial node is just a basic node. Nothing to see here.

A 'Select Equipment' node follows.

Ignore the jumble of inactive nodes off to the side, they're just testing blocks. The node is named 'weapon' (lower camel). I don't know why. Still don't understand whether it matters what you assign for a value there. Indeed, according to GIL, it shouldn't even matter for what I'm attempting in this particular formula (though it will once I've gotten to its follow up steps), because all I'm trying to get it to do at this stage is check whether my weapon's Item Type matches the one assigned to the check field, like so...

That's the first node in a series of checks--the one following directly after 'Select Equipment'. The one that's actually supposed to trigger, according to the starting item I've assigned to my test combatant, is the very next one, marked 'Sword'.

But the check breezes past, all the way through to the end.

It always returns the value for that lowermost node chain you see leading to the 'Hand2Hand' skill. Some other relevant screens show the Item Type as listed on the Item my combatant is meant to be holding

A field where I placed it into his starting inventory, for good measure

A playful monkey

And where I've set up the weapon to appear as part of my combatant's starting inventory

The field there always appears as blank no matter what I set it to, so maybe that's the problem. If so, I'd like to know what I might be doing wrong there to proceed with troubleshooting. Also, here's a shot of a particular variable on that item I've been trying to reference without any luck.

It just doesn't seem to be linking. It's some basic setting or step that I've ignored, I'm sure, but I really need to figure out what I'm doing wrong here. Incidentally, I was also wondering whether variables set up on an item were also available to be referenced as global variables. In other words, if I create a few formulas intended to define the properties of a specific item variable and just write it in directly a'la 'Check Game Variable', 'Change Game Variable' etc., without first referencing a selected data variable will it still recognize it on an item if I call the formula through an event, and the item/equipment is selected as data in the event?